Radical Changes On The Views Of Buddhism - 1415 Words

Radical Changes on the Views of Buddhism in One Century As time progresses, our views and perspective on certain topics may start to change, in order to adapt to our dynamic society. An example of this change, is the different ways Buddha has been portrayed over the generations. As society progressed and developed, our views on Buddhism started to alter as well, in order to be more appealing to the general public. From the original belief in India, where the main objective of Buddhism was to achieve nirvana, and break free from cycle of samsara into nothingness; to a new belief that said that, after breaking free from samsara, one then enters a paradise instead of just non existences. This change in religious beliefs is prominent in the comparison of the two Buddha heads; one from Thailand during the 18th century (Buddha head A) and one from either Cambodia or Thailand during the 17th century (Buddha head B). Although the two Buddha heads came from the same area and virtually the sam e time period, their radical differences in iconography and style, allude to the drastic changes in Buddhist beliefs. Through trading on the Silk Road, the ideas and beliefs of Buddhism were spread throughout Asia, eventually reaching Thailand. We can see an example of this through the iconography and style that Buddha head A possess when compared to earlier Buddha heads from Gandhara and Mathura. For an example, Buddha head A has snail shaped curly hair which covers the top of his head, andShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 PagesUpon reading about the historical and religious background of Ancient India, one can clearly assume that the country was strongly influenced by three main religious teachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. Howeve rRead More Impermanence, Selflessness, And Dissatisfaction Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesImpermanence, Selflessness, and Dissatisfaction Buddhism is neither a religion nor a philosophy, but rather a way of life. This does not imply that Buddhism is nothing more than an ethical code: it is a way of moral, spiritual and intellectual training leading to complete freedom of the mind. (DeSilva, 1991:p 5). Of the many Buddhist sects, Zen Buddhism places particular emphasis on living ‘the right life, and does not revolve around rite and ritual. Buddhism outlines the three characteristics of existenceRead MoreEssay on Addiction: Suffering, acceptance, and change1644 Words   |  7 Pagesas I am, then I can change (see http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/c/carl_rogers.html). Many modern approaches to addiction recovery utilize a dialectical model to examine the change process. Third wave behavioral therapies such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), along with mindfulness meditation (MM), and the 12 Step Recovery model of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) use a dialectic based on acceptance of what is and change to what can be. TheseRead MoreReligion as a Conservative Force Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesbe defined as forces, which protect the existing social order, and radical forces being the opposite of conservative forces are those, which promote change. ‘’ Religion is essentially a conservative force in society and if that is true than it would also be true that religion can also play a part in social change.’ To evaluate whether religion is a conservative force or a force for social change I am going to first look at the different perspectives of what roleRead MoreJesus The Christ And Gautama The Buddha1400 Words   |  6 Pagesscore is lower than he expected. All these experiences are examples of mental suffering. The Fourth Noble Truth presents the Noble Eightfold Path as the way out of suffering. This path promotes â€Å" right views, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration.† Buddhism attempts to overcome suffering by a type of righteous living, without connecting to the God who created them. Buddha calls for turning inward, for meditation, and so to enlightenment. It is a religion ofRead MoreBuddhism s Philosophy And Religion1910 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism stands as a philosophy and a religion founding itself on the theory of a possible eternal soul. Until awakening is achieved, this eternal soul is locked in the vicious cycle of rebirth (Samsara). According to the Four Noble Truths preached by the Buddha, life is a perpetual suffering caused by desire and attachmen t, and freedom from suffering is only possible by practicing the Eightfold Path. The World is suffering in a succession of temptations and negative experiences from birth to deathRead MoreThe Khmer Rouge s Ideology1967 Words   |  8 Pagesdoctrine, stemming from Maoist, Buddhist and Khmer beliefs lead to his theory of a classless, agrarian society sustained by its own labour productivity. The Communist Utopia philosophy itself was fuelled by ultra-nationalism, self-discipline and radical egalitarianism and thus, resulting from the combination of his collective beliefs, derived an envisaging of a Cambodian super generation lead by his totalitarian rule. To a significant extent, the development of the Khmer Rouge s ideology wasRead MoreThe Fountain Of Youth By Juan Ponce De Leon1876 Words   |  8 Pagesstudying how to drastically extend human life 120 years and farther. Radical life extension has been occurring throughout history without people knowing. This has happened through the advancement in the study of medicine. With these advancements many people wonder what will happen when there is a much larger population on the Earth, will the access be fair for other people, and which religions will accept or try to prevent this? Radical life extension has been human dream for a very long time. The FountainRead MoreTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pageson restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflict and radical theories of the 1960s and 1970s and is grounded in the way of philosophy and peace (Klenowski, 2009). The 1960s and 1970s were a time of war and revolution in the United States and persistent public opposition to the Vietnam War--coupled with politicalRead MoreThe Advocacy Of Women s Rights2735 Words   |  11 Pagescalled feminism. Secondly, feminist argue that there are masculine and feminine views that limit equality among genders. The masculine point of view articulates that men look at the world through a rational lens in which sparks competition. On the other hand, Women see the wo rld emotionally and thus obligate themselves to perform tasks of cooperation. Feminist want to alleviate these two contradicting point of views so that individuals can develop all the traits associated with being masculine and

The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald - 574 Words

Take a look around you, and you will find a myriad of different colors in which you might not think much of, but in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald colors represent different ideas. Fitzgerald utilizes symbolism in the colors of certain objects throughout the novel to reveal a deeper meanings and to enhance the reader’s experience. Fitzgerald introduces Gatsby while he is reaching his hand out to a green light across the bay; the color green stands for something unattainable yet desirable. Colors are also symbolized through the outfits the characters wear in certain parts of the novel. Another prevalent symbol in the novel is Gatsby’s car, which is originally a cream color representing false purity but changes to an arresting yellow, symbolizing death and corruption. In the rising action of the novel Nick finds Gatsby alone on his lawn with â€Å"his arm toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward--and distinguished nothing except a single green light† (Fitzgerald 21). The source of the green light is later revealed to be at the end of Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s dock. The green light symbolizes the American Dream and Daisy, both of which Gatsby is very close to achieving, though not quite close enough. â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us† (Fitzgerald 180). Throughout the novel Gatsby held on to the hope that he can have aShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald 1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby-one of the most interesting books that describes American life and society in the 1920s.Novel was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Story primarily descr ibes the young, mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his passion for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Novel includes themes of idealism, resistance to change, social differences, American dream, Injustice, power, betrayal, Importance of money, careless, callousness. Scott Fitzgerald sets up his novel into separate social groupsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1280 Words   |  5 Pagesto showcase her innocence. When Nick meets Daisy in the beginning of the novel he notices her and Jordan Baker on the couch saying, â€Å"Daisy and Jordan lay upon an enormous couch, like silver idols weighing down their own white dresses†(122). While Gatsby does not represent purity because of his adulterous and illegal lifestyle, white represents purity because it is clean and unaltered. Daisy is again seen laying on the â€Å"enormous couch† waiting for something to occur. She acts like she cannot doRead More The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. Essay1313 Words    |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald aims to show that the myth of the American dream is fading away. The American values of brotherhood and peace have been eradicated and replaced with ideas of immediate prosperity and wealth. Fitzgerald feels that the dream is no longer experienced and that the dream has been perverted with greed and malice. The Great Gatsby parallels the dreams of America with the dream of Jay Gatsby in order to show the fallacies that lie in bothRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald726 Words   |  3 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald showcases characters illusions in the novel The Great Gatsby. Each of the characters gets wrapped up in the dream that they all wanted to live. The Great Gatsby is a novel about the American dream and the illusion is that one can be happy through wealth, power or fame. Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all had an illusion thinking they can live the american dream. Fitzgerald shows many illusions in the Great Gatsby. Throughout the novel Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy, thinking thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald559 Words   |  2 Pages Purity The Great Gatsby, a novel written in the 1920’s by F. Scott Fitzgerald, generates symbolism of characters through the use of simple diction to create a wild romance built on the past, deceit, mischief, and fraud of personality. Moreover, the setting and its different locations, signifies two distinct ways of life: East, old money, and West, new money. Although the locations are judged by material wealth, the people and their behavior are quite alike. Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan, purityRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald768 Words   |  3 Pageswith your life and most importantly, yourself. In the fictitious novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the characters who have money at their disposal are constantly looking for something else to fulfill their longing to have a meaningful life. Despite it’s problem-solving reputation, money isn’t what it’s chalked up to be, the characters with excessive money aren’t sincerely happy wi th their lives. Jay Gatsby, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker and never satisfied with theirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1695 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and events, or even to be deliberately misleading the reader.† (Margree par. 1). The well-known novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald, introduces readers to a story where everything may not be necessarily true. The beauty of this novel is that the readers actually get to decide what they want or do not want to believe. This is all due to Nick Carraway, the narrator of The Great Gatsby. Nick is prejudice and has various faults like dishonesty and being oblivious to himself. A character/narratorRead MoreThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in the novel - The Great Gatsby - by F.Scott Fitzgerald Daisy is The Great Gatsby’s most enigmatic, and perhaps most disappointing, character. Although Fitzgerald does much to make her a character worthy of Gatsby’s unlimited devotion, in the end she reveals herself for what she really is. Despite her beauty and charm, Daisy is merely a selfish, shallow, and in fact, hurtful, woman. Gatsby loves her (or at least the idea of her) with such vitality and determinationRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that givesRead MoreDepicting the Difference Between Reality and Illusion in ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pageswhich both texts portray individuals in the grip of dreams and illusions ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald both depict the conflict between reality and illusion centring on the desire to achieve the ‘American dream,’ which causes many characters in the texts to become engulfed in dreams and fantasy. Gatsby and Blanche are the protagonists of the texts not only due to their central role in the plots, but also that they are characters who

Personal Leadership Styles And Skills †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Personal Leadership Styles And Skills. Answer: Introduction The paper evaluates the personal leadership styles and skills. It begins with an assessment of personal understanding before taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. In this section, leadership skills and interpersonal skills regarding communication, teamwork, organizing and control are evaluated. This is then followed by comparing what I thought about myself with what I have learned using the MLQ/ Birkman/GMI to determine whether what we thought is similar or different from the framework (Ledlow Coppola, 2011). The knowledge gained from this assessment is evaluated and the framework is compared with the 9 leadership competences. First impression of MLQ/Birkman /GMI My first impression of MLQ/Birkman/GMI is that the techniques of identifying personalities and character traits are very interesting and advanced. They are able to define relations between persons and groups of people. I have the impression that there are different lifestyles grip reports using Asterisk, Diamond, Circle, and Square. The location of each of the symbols in the square is used to determine whether a person is task oriented, people oriented, do they like direct communication or indirect communication? The paper also identifies the leadership goals in a grip with the goals that are closely related on one side of the grid. This grid is used to identify the leadership goals of an individual based on the assessment criteria outlined in the report (Ebener, 2010). The MLQ reports seem to evaluate and measure the leadership profiles of individuals. This is used to help optimize the outcomes of an organization through shaping leadership styles and leadership skills. The leadershi p styles are then grouped into three district categories depending on the nature of leadership behavior and expected leadership outcomes. The groups are transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and passive avoidant Behavior. Global mindset is very important since it enables people of different characters and ideological believes to work with and influence one another. Global mindset can be developed among employees to enable them understand the behavior and mindsets of other so that they can work and deal amicably with people who are different from them (Wang, 2016). Global mindset score is also measured to determine how people are able to relate and interact with people from different cultures, with different ideologies and personalities. MLQ/Birkman and GMI is crucial in understanding different leadership styles. It helps in profiling people into different leadership styles and also in shaping the mindset of individuals in a particular manner to help them develop a g lobal mindset. Self reflection Before undertaking MLQ/ Birkman/GMI, I had a very different perspective about by leadership styles, my leadership profile and even the mindset I had concerning people who are different from me. I thought I had a lot of focus on practical matters and I easily had control over my peers. This has helped me to get various positions of leadership since my school days. My leadership skills and ability to get things done has also helped in my college mates choosing me to lead various groups since I get tasks accomplished effectively and on time. Before I undergone this assessment, I thought I was very disciplined and always adhered to the written code of conduct. I found it difficult why people fail to follow instructions and this irritated me so much. It brought about fall out with some work mates at the workplace and also my friends. I followed instructions without questioning orders from my seniors and hence when I gave instructions to people,I expected them to obey and do what I require d of them. The other thing I noted about my leadership styles before taking MLQ/Birkman /GMI is that I was so task oriented. Sometimes I had so much focus on what needed to be done to the point that I forgot that the people we work with are human beings and ended up harassing them as well. I noticed this as a weakness after I noted that people were becoming rebellious and it was becoming difficult to accomplish tasks without focusing on the needs of the people we are working with. This has encouraged me to try to understand and solve the issues employees face so as to help them focus on tasks and hence achieve objectives easily. My leadership goals before taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI include completion of a project. I was so obsessed with completing a project or task assigned to me irrespective of the methods I would use to achieve this objective. Achieving a definite goal was my main motivation and nothing would distract me from this. It did not matter to me whether or not my colleagues were in support of what I was doing or not. I had a desire of getting actively involved in group activities. I would not take a backseat on any activity and I often found myself taking over leadership of projects that I had been assigned a junior role unknowingly. I thought mu leadership style was transactional where achievement is rewarded and mistakes and deviations are monitored and are monitored when they are repeated. Most of perceptions I had about myself have been confirmed. To begin with, after taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI, I noticed that according to the lifestyle Grid, my leadership style can be located in the red box in the grid. The red box in the Grid is where the characteristics of task orientation, Direct communication, and expediting coincide. It is on the upper left corner of the grid. The interpretation of leadership style located in this Grid is that you enjoy activities that are practical in nature and you like being actively involved in implementation of projects (Grossman Valiga, 2016). It goes further to say that individuals who trace their leadership style to this grid like activities involving measurement, recording, monitoring and designing laws and policies. The other thing that confirms my perceptions about my leadership style is that Birkman explains that people in this grid combine activities with strict keeping of records. They also organize activities and people while focusin g on exerting control. This is something I found myself with during self assessment. I organizing activities to ensure that everything goes to plan and in this process, I find myself being in control of these activities and the people. The other confirmation that my perceptions have been confirmed by Birkman evaluation is that I like accomplishing tasks expeditiously and thoroughly. The MLQ has helped me confirm that I belong to the transactional style of leadership. After undertaking the MLQ leadership style test, I found out that once in a while, I ought to focus attention on irregularities ,mistakes and deviations from rules and set standards. However,I dont focus all my attention on dealing with mistakes and complaints. I really give them attention but when mistakes occur and complaints are brought to me, I take the issues very seriously since they have a huge impact on the performance of an individual or group. The leadership score shows that I provide assistance to people in exchange for their efforts (Lussier Achua, 2015). I also like allocating specific roles to specific people in order to ensure that everyone is accountable. This helps in rewarding those who achieve extra ordinary outcomes and seek ways to motivate and improve those who fail to meet expectations. I often give people promises and they perform tasks knowing what they can expect when they meet the threshold or set targets. An evaluation of my leadership skills using this model also shows that my behaviors are active as indicated earlier in the report. This is confirmed by the answer to the question on interfering with problems before they get serious (Wakeman, 2014). I interfere before problems get serious since I like organizing and being in control and therefore its difficult for problems to get serious under my watch. My mindset is global since am able to work and interact with people from different cultural backgrounds, religion, beliefs, educational backgrounds and people with different personalities from me. This has helped me to make a lot of successful deals and create strong networks. I have gained new knowledge as a result taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. One of the things I learned is the important of managing stress as a leadership style. I have learned that under stress, some people resist change and are inflexible. Some become impatient and insensitive to the feelings of others. I have known my position when it comes to managing stress and hence will be able to improve in future. I also learned that it is important to embrace team work and allow other people to take control since it gives one an opportunity to learn from other people (Roe, 2014). Before the assessment, I did not know the classifications of leadership styles but am now able to identify which leadership style a possess. The significance of global mindset to organizations has also been realized by undertaking this assessment and hence it will help to shape my mindset to become more global. MLQ/ Birkman/GMI have a lot of importance in my professional and practical leadership. MLQ helps me to understand the different leadership styles applied by different people and which are the best technique to use in leadership. It helps in understanding the importance of involving people in decision making as well as rewarding good performance. This is very important in an organization leadership since people have different personalities and it is important to understand them and learn how to work with them. It also helps in understanding how to deal with stress at the workplace and hence avoid being rude and incentive to other people (Rothstein Burke, 2010). The need for emotional stability at the workplace and in other situations is also realized. The assessment also helps in understanding decision making procedures. MLQ/Birkman/GMI also in understanding the behavior, attitudes and personalities of people in the work environment and therefore behave and act in such a way that you can accommodate everyone and work with them to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. One is also able to understand the leadership styles of different employees at other people they interact with. By doing this, a person is able to know how to treat people and best ways to motivate different types of employees and hence optimizing output from every employee. The MLQ/Birkman/GMI concepts are very closely related and connected to the nine leadership competences. MLQ/ Birkman and GMI encourages innovation. It encourages leaders to allow other to participate actively in activities and to be creative to come up with new processes and ways of doing things in an organization. They also encourage people development through continuous training and improving their global mindset to help them deal with people of different personalities (In Scott, In Scott In Webber, 2016). The concept of team leadership is also discussed in the leadership styles in Birkman. It encourages team work to contribute ideas in order to compete tasks more efficiently. Many leadership styles are result oriented. Some people are so focused on achieving the desired results and nothing can destruct them from this goal. Different people have different reactions to change. This depends on the psychological characteristics of the individual and their experience. It encourages fl exibility and the need to accept and adopt change in different environments. Strategic thinking and vision is also encouraged in to help plan better for the future and to enhance innovation and personal development .(Smith Cockburn, 2013) Planning and organizing is also discussed in MLQ/Birkman/GMI, it explains that there are some people who like organizing tasks and activities which gives them control. This leaders fall under the red square in the Grid. Collaboration and good relations is discussed as one very important aspect of leadership styles in MLQ/Birkman/GMI. It helps in promoting harmonious working relations and promotes sharing of resources. Just like in the LIP leadership concepts, orientation to service and quality is discussed as a characteristic of transformational leadership style. This helps in meeting expectations and needs of customers in an organizational context. This therefore leads to customer loyalty. Conclusion The report discusses various concepts of leadership and self assessment styles. The report begins with self assessment of leadership styles and character. Its an in depth analysis of the perceptions I have about myself and how they have influenced my leadership. This is followed by an analysis of the differences between the perceptions I had and the new view after taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. The new knowledge gained from the assessment is discussed. The final section of the paper evaluates the LPI nine leadership competences and how they are related to the concepts discussed in MLQ/Birkman/GMI. References Ebener, D. R. (2010). Servant leadership models for your parish. New York: Paulist Press. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. (2016). The New Leadership Challenge, 5e: Creating the Future of Nursing. Pennsylvania: F.A. Davis Company. Komives, S. R. (2011). The handbook for student leadership development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Ledlow, G. R., Coppola, M. N. (2011). Leadership for health professionals: Theory, skills, and applications. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015). Leadership. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. In Mukerji, S., In Tripathi, P. (2017). Handbook of research on administration, policy, and leadership in higher education. Rothstein, M. G., Burke, R. J. (2010).Self-management and leadership development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Roe, K. (2014). Leadership: Practice and perspectives. In Scott, S., In Scott, D. E., In Webber, C. F. (2016). Leadership of assessment, inclusion, and learning. Smith, P. A. C., Cockburn, T. (2013). Dynamic leadership models for global business: Enhancing digitally connected environments. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Wakeman, C. (2014). Reality-based leadership self assessment. Wang, V. C. X. (2016). Educational leadership and organizational management: Linking theories to practice.

To Grade Or Not To Grade, That Is The Problem Essays -

To Grade or Not to Grade, That is the Problem - What's your GPA (Grade Point Average)? - Have you taken this course before? What did you get? In his essay The Farce Called "Grading", Arthur E. Lean questions the use of asking these kinds of questions. Grades have become part of our lives as students. People need a grading system and "seem to assume it to be necessary and intrinsic to the process of formal education"(Lean 131). He refers to the grade as "a symbol purporting to express a measurement of academic achievement-an evaluation of the quality and quantity of learning"(Lean 132). There are two main arguments Lean has suggested. First, there is an inconsistency from the graders. Second, he sees the grading system as being unfair and even harmful for students' attitudes toward education. He points out that grading system should be eliminated. To backup the fact that many people are challenging the necessity of the grading system, Lean provides two examples: "A sustained effort should be made to throw out false inducements to learning. In one way or another most of these refer to our obsession with grades?. As a system for evaluating attainment of broad educational aims, it remains a failure. Few teachers have any systematic idea of how to grade fairly. Grading is also the chief villain behind the scandal of college cheating," said Louis T. Benezet (Lean 130). "I have long ago reached the conclusion that the marking system itself is damaging in its impact on the education of our children and youth, and that it should go the way of the hickory stick and dunce caps. It should be abandoned at all levels of education," said Ernest O. Melby (Lean 130). I agree with Lean to some extent that there are some inconsistencies from the graders and perhaps some unfairness occurred to many students. On the other hand, I am not sure that the system is totally harmful for students' attitudes toward education. Also, given the fact that the grading system is a very useful instrument for both motivating and measuring students' academic abilities, the system is still essential to be kept. There is an inconsistency between markers for grading term papers or open questions that I agree with Lean. On his example of several teachers marking the same paper, "invariably the assigned grades on the same theme ranged all the way from A (excellent) to E (failure)" (Lean 132). Although many professors might say that point of view would not be graded while they try not to be biasing, there is no guarantee that a professor would not give a lower mark to a paper because s/he may disagree with some parts of the essay. As a former English class student in grade 12, I notice that my teacher tended to be prejudicing on non-native English writers' papers. The reason I said that was because there is a big grade difference if our papers were marked by another who had not met the writers before. A professional marker who was hired by the English department graded one of our term papers every term. Generally, the non-native English writers received significantly higher marks than th! ey do when our class teacher is marking. The average differential marks for non-native English are about ten percent. As for native English writer, the differential marks are not very much. It is true that the grading system can hardly be absolutely fair. Actually, "most teachers try to be fair and accurate in their estimate" (Lean 133). One teacher who grades a work accurately doesn't suggest that the other teachers would do the same. However Lean claims that "all the time they know--at least, those who are honest with themselves know-that they are attempting the impossible. No self-respecting teacher ever rests peacefully the night after turning in a set of grades, for he knows that the "system" has made a charlatan of him and he goes to bed and hating himself for it" (Lean 133). I don't agree with the way Lean is questioning the teachers since their role is to act as a "judge" on student's work. There is a difference between being unfair and conforming with the system. A teacher who gives the best suitable grade to an assignment is being fair. What Lean suggests is that teachers do not attempt to change the grading system. Lean is being unfair to the teachers! in this way because a teacher's