Radical Changes On The Views Of Buddhism - 1415 Words

Radical Changes on the Views of Buddhism in One Century As time progresses, our views and perspective on certain topics may start to change, in order to adapt to our dynamic society. An example of this change, is the different ways Buddha has been portrayed over the generations. As society progressed and developed, our views on Buddhism started to alter as well, in order to be more appealing to the general public. From the original belief in India, where the main objective of Buddhism was to achieve nirvana, and break free from cycle of samsara into nothingness; to a new belief that said that, after breaking free from samsara, one then enters a paradise instead of just non existences. This change in religious beliefs is prominent in the comparison of the two Buddha heads; one from Thailand during the 18th century (Buddha head A) and one from either Cambodia or Thailand during the 17th century (Buddha head B). Although the two Buddha heads came from the same area and virtually the sam e time period, their radical differences in iconography and style, allude to the drastic changes in Buddhist beliefs. Through trading on the Silk Road, the ideas and beliefs of Buddhism were spread throughout Asia, eventually reaching Thailand. We can see an example of this through the iconography and style that Buddha head A possess when compared to earlier Buddha heads from Gandhara and Mathura. For an example, Buddha head A has snail shaped curly hair which covers the top of his head, andShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities and Differences between Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism1194 Words   |  5 PagesUpon reading about the historical and religious background of Ancient India, one can clearly assume that the country was strongly influenced by three main religious teachings: Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. These three sects in religious thinking have many similarities as all recognize the life-cycle and the need of liberation, they worship one central deity that used to be a human who gained enlightenment and they all recognize the existence of the eternal soul and after-death re-incarnation. Howeve rRead More Impermanence, Selflessness, And Dissatisfaction Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesImpermanence, Selflessness, and Dissatisfaction Buddhism is neither a religion nor a philosophy, but rather a way of life. This does not imply that Buddhism is nothing more than an ethical code: it is a way of moral, spiritual and intellectual training leading to complete freedom of the mind. (DeSilva, 1991:p 5). Of the many Buddhist sects, Zen Buddhism places particular emphasis on living ‘the right life, and does not revolve around rite and ritual. Buddhism outlines the three characteristics of existenceRead MoreEssay on Addiction: Suffering, acceptance, and change1644 Words   |  7 Pagesas I am, then I can change (see http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/c/carl_rogers.html). Many modern approaches to addiction recovery utilize a dialectical model to examine the change process. Third wave behavioral therapies such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), along with mindfulness meditation (MM), and the 12 Step Recovery model of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) use a dialectic based on acceptance of what is and change to what can be. TheseRead MoreReligion as a Conservative Force Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesbe defined as forces, which protect the existing social order, and radical forces being the opposite of conservative forces are those, which promote change. ‘’ Religion is essentially a conservative force in society and if that is true than it would also be true that religion can also play a part in social change.’ To evaluate whether religion is a conservative force or a force for social change I am going to first look at the different perspectives of what roleRead MoreJesus The Christ And Gautama The Buddha1400 Words   |  6 Pagesscore is lower than he expected. All these experiences are examples of mental suffering. The Fourth Noble Truth presents the Noble Eightfold Path as the way out of suffering. This path promotes â€Å" right views, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and concentration.† Buddhism attempts to overcome suffering by a type of righteous living, without connecting to the God who created them. Buddha calls for turning inward, for meditation, and so to enlightenment. It is a religion ofRead MoreBuddhism s Philosophy And Religion1910 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism stands as a philosophy and a religion founding itself on the theory of a possible eternal soul. Until awakening is achieved, this eternal soul is locked in the vicious cycle of rebirth (Samsara). According to the Four Noble Truths preached by the Buddha, life is a perpetual suffering caused by desire and attachmen t, and freedom from suffering is only possible by practicing the Eightfold Path. The World is suffering in a succession of temptations and negative experiences from birth to deathRead MoreThe Khmer Rouge s Ideology1967 Words   |  8 Pagesdoctrine, stemming from Maoist, Buddhist and Khmer beliefs lead to his theory of a classless, agrarian society sustained by its own labour productivity. The Communist Utopia philosophy itself was fuelled by ultra-nationalism, self-discipline and radical egalitarianism and thus, resulting from the combination of his collective beliefs, derived an envisaging of a Cambodian super generation lead by his totalitarian rule. To a significant extent, the development of the Khmer Rouge s ideology wasRead MoreThe Fountain Of Youth By Juan Ponce De Leon1876 Words   |  8 Pagesstudying how to drastically extend human life 120 years and farther. Radical life extension has been occurring throughout history without people knowing. This has happened through the advancement in the study of medicine. With these advancements many people wonder what will happen when there is a much larger population on the Earth, will the access be fair for other people, and which religions will accept or try to prevent this? Radical life extension has been human dream for a very long time. The FountainRead MoreTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pageson restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflict and radical theories of the 1960s and 1970s and is grounded in the way of philosophy and peace (Klenowski, 2009). The 1960s and 1970s were a time of war and revolution in the United States and persistent public opposition to the Vietnam War--coupled with politicalRead MoreThe Advocacy Of Women s Rights2735 Words   |  11 Pagescalled feminism. Secondly, feminist argue that there are masculine and feminine views that limit equality among genders. The masculine point of view articulates that men look at the world through a rational lens in which sparks competition. On the other hand, Women see the wo rld emotionally and thus obligate themselves to perform tasks of cooperation. Feminist want to alleviate these two contradicting point of views so that individuals can develop all the traits associated with being masculine and

The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald - 574 Words

Take a look around you, and you will find a myriad of different colors in which you might not think much of, but in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald colors represent different ideas. Fitzgerald utilizes symbolism in the colors of certain objects throughout the novel to reveal a deeper meanings and to enhance the reader’s experience. Fitzgerald introduces Gatsby while he is reaching his hand out to a green light across the bay; the color green stands for something unattainable yet desirable. Colors are also symbolized through the outfits the characters wear in certain parts of the novel. Another prevalent symbol in the novel is Gatsby’s car, which is originally a cream color representing false purity but changes to an arresting yellow, symbolizing death and corruption. In the rising action of the novel Nick finds Gatsby alone on his lawn with â€Å"his arm toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward--and distinguished nothing except a single green light† (Fitzgerald 21). The source of the green light is later revealed to be at the end of Tom and Daisy Buchanan’s dock. The green light symbolizes the American Dream and Daisy, both of which Gatsby is very close to achieving, though not quite close enough. â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us† (Fitzgerald 180). Throughout the novel Gatsby held on to the hope that he can have aShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald 1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby-one of the most interesting books that describes American life and society in the 1920s.Novel was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Story primarily descr ibes the young, mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his passion for the beautiful Daisy Buchanan. Novel includes themes of idealism, resistance to change, social differences, American dream, Injustice, power, betrayal, Importance of money, careless, callousness. Scott Fitzgerald sets up his novel into separate social groupsRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1280 Words   |  5 Pagesto showcase her innocence. When Nick meets Daisy in the beginning of the novel he notices her and Jordan Baker on the couch saying, â€Å"Daisy and Jordan lay upon an enormous couch, like silver idols weighing down their own white dresses†(122). While Gatsby does not represent purity because of his adulterous and illegal lifestyle, white represents purity because it is clean and unaltered. Daisy is again seen laying on the â€Å"enormous couch† waiting for something to occur. She acts like she cannot doRead More The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. Essay1313 Words    |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald. F. Scott Fitzgerald aims to show that the myth of the American dream is fading away. The American values of brotherhood and peace have been eradicated and replaced with ideas of immediate prosperity and wealth. Fitzgerald feels that the dream is no longer experienced and that the dream has been perverted with greed and malice. The Great Gatsby parallels the dreams of America with the dream of Jay Gatsby in order to show the fallacies that lie in bothRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald726 Words   |  3 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald showcases characters illusions in the novel The Great Gatsby. Each of the characters gets wrapped up in the dream that they all wanted to live. The Great Gatsby is a novel about the American dream and the illusion is that one can be happy through wealth, power or fame. Gatsby, Myrtle, and George all had an illusion thinking they can live the american dream. Fitzgerald shows many illusions in the Great Gatsby. Throughout the novel Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy, thinking thatRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald559 Words   |  2 Pages Purity The Great Gatsby, a novel written in the 1920’s by F. Scott Fitzgerald, generates symbolism of characters through the use of simple diction to create a wild romance built on the past, deceit, mischief, and fraud of personality. Moreover, the setting and its different locations, signifies two distinct ways of life: East, old money, and West, new money. Although the locations are judged by material wealth, the people and their behavior are quite alike. Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan, purityRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald768 Words   |  3 Pageswith your life and most importantly, yourself. In the fictitious novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the characters who have money at their disposal are constantly looking for something else to fulfill their longing to have a meaningful life. Despite it’s problem-solving reputation, money isn’t what it’s chalked up to be, the characters with excessive money aren’t sincerely happy wi th their lives. Jay Gatsby, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Jordan Baker and never satisfied with theirRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1695 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and events, or even to be deliberately misleading the reader.† (Margree par. 1). The well-known novel The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald, introduces readers to a story where everything may not be necessarily true. The beauty of this novel is that the readers actually get to decide what they want or do not want to believe. This is all due to Nick Carraway, the narrator of The Great Gatsby. Nick is prejudice and has various faults like dishonesty and being oblivious to himself. A character/narratorRead MoreThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Character of Daisy Buchanan in the novel - The Great Gatsby - by F.Scott Fitzgerald Daisy is The Great Gatsby’s most enigmatic, and perhaps most disappointing, character. Although Fitzgerald does much to make her a character worthy of Gatsby’s unlimited devotion, in the end she reveals herself for what she really is. Despite her beauty and charm, Daisy is merely a selfish, shallow, and in fact, hurtful, woman. Gatsby loves her (or at least the idea of her) with such vitality and determinationRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that givesRead MoreDepicting the Difference Between Reality and Illusion in ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald1740 Words   |  7 Pageswhich both texts portray individuals in the grip of dreams and illusions ‘A Streetcar named Desire’ by Tennessee Williams and ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F.Scott Fitzgerald both depict the conflict between reality and illusion centring on the desire to achieve the ‘American dream,’ which causes many characters in the texts to become engulfed in dreams and fantasy. Gatsby and Blanche are the protagonists of the texts not only due to their central role in the plots, but also that they are characters who

Personal Leadership Styles And Skills †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Personal Leadership Styles And Skills. Answer: Introduction The paper evaluates the personal leadership styles and skills. It begins with an assessment of personal understanding before taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. In this section, leadership skills and interpersonal skills regarding communication, teamwork, organizing and control are evaluated. This is then followed by comparing what I thought about myself with what I have learned using the MLQ/ Birkman/GMI to determine whether what we thought is similar or different from the framework (Ledlow Coppola, 2011). The knowledge gained from this assessment is evaluated and the framework is compared with the 9 leadership competences. First impression of MLQ/Birkman /GMI My first impression of MLQ/Birkman/GMI is that the techniques of identifying personalities and character traits are very interesting and advanced. They are able to define relations between persons and groups of people. I have the impression that there are different lifestyles grip reports using Asterisk, Diamond, Circle, and Square. The location of each of the symbols in the square is used to determine whether a person is task oriented, people oriented, do they like direct communication or indirect communication? The paper also identifies the leadership goals in a grip with the goals that are closely related on one side of the grid. This grid is used to identify the leadership goals of an individual based on the assessment criteria outlined in the report (Ebener, 2010). The MLQ reports seem to evaluate and measure the leadership profiles of individuals. This is used to help optimize the outcomes of an organization through shaping leadership styles and leadership skills. The leadershi p styles are then grouped into three district categories depending on the nature of leadership behavior and expected leadership outcomes. The groups are transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and passive avoidant Behavior. Global mindset is very important since it enables people of different characters and ideological believes to work with and influence one another. Global mindset can be developed among employees to enable them understand the behavior and mindsets of other so that they can work and deal amicably with people who are different from them (Wang, 2016). Global mindset score is also measured to determine how people are able to relate and interact with people from different cultures, with different ideologies and personalities. MLQ/Birkman and GMI is crucial in understanding different leadership styles. It helps in profiling people into different leadership styles and also in shaping the mindset of individuals in a particular manner to help them develop a g lobal mindset. Self reflection Before undertaking MLQ/ Birkman/GMI, I had a very different perspective about by leadership styles, my leadership profile and even the mindset I had concerning people who are different from me. I thought I had a lot of focus on practical matters and I easily had control over my peers. This has helped me to get various positions of leadership since my school days. My leadership skills and ability to get things done has also helped in my college mates choosing me to lead various groups since I get tasks accomplished effectively and on time. Before I undergone this assessment, I thought I was very disciplined and always adhered to the written code of conduct. I found it difficult why people fail to follow instructions and this irritated me so much. It brought about fall out with some work mates at the workplace and also my friends. I followed instructions without questioning orders from my seniors and hence when I gave instructions to people,I expected them to obey and do what I require d of them. The other thing I noted about my leadership styles before taking MLQ/Birkman /GMI is that I was so task oriented. Sometimes I had so much focus on what needed to be done to the point that I forgot that the people we work with are human beings and ended up harassing them as well. I noticed this as a weakness after I noted that people were becoming rebellious and it was becoming difficult to accomplish tasks without focusing on the needs of the people we are working with. This has encouraged me to try to understand and solve the issues employees face so as to help them focus on tasks and hence achieve objectives easily. My leadership goals before taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI include completion of a project. I was so obsessed with completing a project or task assigned to me irrespective of the methods I would use to achieve this objective. Achieving a definite goal was my main motivation and nothing would distract me from this. It did not matter to me whether or not my colleagues were in support of what I was doing or not. I had a desire of getting actively involved in group activities. I would not take a backseat on any activity and I often found myself taking over leadership of projects that I had been assigned a junior role unknowingly. I thought mu leadership style was transactional where achievement is rewarded and mistakes and deviations are monitored and are monitored when they are repeated. Most of perceptions I had about myself have been confirmed. To begin with, after taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI, I noticed that according to the lifestyle Grid, my leadership style can be located in the red box in the grid. The red box in the Grid is where the characteristics of task orientation, Direct communication, and expediting coincide. It is on the upper left corner of the grid. The interpretation of leadership style located in this Grid is that you enjoy activities that are practical in nature and you like being actively involved in implementation of projects (Grossman Valiga, 2016). It goes further to say that individuals who trace their leadership style to this grid like activities involving measurement, recording, monitoring and designing laws and policies. The other thing that confirms my perceptions about my leadership style is that Birkman explains that people in this grid combine activities with strict keeping of records. They also organize activities and people while focusin g on exerting control. This is something I found myself with during self assessment. I organizing activities to ensure that everything goes to plan and in this process, I find myself being in control of these activities and the people. The other confirmation that my perceptions have been confirmed by Birkman evaluation is that I like accomplishing tasks expeditiously and thoroughly. The MLQ has helped me confirm that I belong to the transactional style of leadership. After undertaking the MLQ leadership style test, I found out that once in a while, I ought to focus attention on irregularities ,mistakes and deviations from rules and set standards. However,I dont focus all my attention on dealing with mistakes and complaints. I really give them attention but when mistakes occur and complaints are brought to me, I take the issues very seriously since they have a huge impact on the performance of an individual or group. The leadership score shows that I provide assistance to people in exchange for their efforts (Lussier Achua, 2015). I also like allocating specific roles to specific people in order to ensure that everyone is accountable. This helps in rewarding those who achieve extra ordinary outcomes and seek ways to motivate and improve those who fail to meet expectations. I often give people promises and they perform tasks knowing what they can expect when they meet the threshold or set targets. An evaluation of my leadership skills using this model also shows that my behaviors are active as indicated earlier in the report. This is confirmed by the answer to the question on interfering with problems before they get serious (Wakeman, 2014). I interfere before problems get serious since I like organizing and being in control and therefore its difficult for problems to get serious under my watch. My mindset is global since am able to work and interact with people from different cultural backgrounds, religion, beliefs, educational backgrounds and people with different personalities from me. This has helped me to make a lot of successful deals and create strong networks. I have gained new knowledge as a result taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. One of the things I learned is the important of managing stress as a leadership style. I have learned that under stress, some people resist change and are inflexible. Some become impatient and insensitive to the feelings of others. I have known my position when it comes to managing stress and hence will be able to improve in future. I also learned that it is important to embrace team work and allow other people to take control since it gives one an opportunity to learn from other people (Roe, 2014). Before the assessment, I did not know the classifications of leadership styles but am now able to identify which leadership style a possess. The significance of global mindset to organizations has also been realized by undertaking this assessment and hence it will help to shape my mindset to become more global. MLQ/ Birkman/GMI have a lot of importance in my professional and practical leadership. MLQ helps me to understand the different leadership styles applied by different people and which are the best technique to use in leadership. It helps in understanding the importance of involving people in decision making as well as rewarding good performance. This is very important in an organization leadership since people have different personalities and it is important to understand them and learn how to work with them. It also helps in understanding how to deal with stress at the workplace and hence avoid being rude and incentive to other people (Rothstein Burke, 2010). The need for emotional stability at the workplace and in other situations is also realized. The assessment also helps in understanding decision making procedures. MLQ/Birkman/GMI also in understanding the behavior, attitudes and personalities of people in the work environment and therefore behave and act in such a way that you can accommodate everyone and work with them to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. One is also able to understand the leadership styles of different employees at other people they interact with. By doing this, a person is able to know how to treat people and best ways to motivate different types of employees and hence optimizing output from every employee. The MLQ/Birkman/GMI concepts are very closely related and connected to the nine leadership competences. MLQ/ Birkman and GMI encourages innovation. It encourages leaders to allow other to participate actively in activities and to be creative to come up with new processes and ways of doing things in an organization. They also encourage people development through continuous training and improving their global mindset to help them deal with people of different personalities (In Scott, In Scott In Webber, 2016). The concept of team leadership is also discussed in the leadership styles in Birkman. It encourages team work to contribute ideas in order to compete tasks more efficiently. Many leadership styles are result oriented. Some people are so focused on achieving the desired results and nothing can destruct them from this goal. Different people have different reactions to change. This depends on the psychological characteristics of the individual and their experience. It encourages fl exibility and the need to accept and adopt change in different environments. Strategic thinking and vision is also encouraged in to help plan better for the future and to enhance innovation and personal development .(Smith Cockburn, 2013) Planning and organizing is also discussed in MLQ/Birkman/GMI, it explains that there are some people who like organizing tasks and activities which gives them control. This leaders fall under the red square in the Grid. Collaboration and good relations is discussed as one very important aspect of leadership styles in MLQ/Birkman/GMI. It helps in promoting harmonious working relations and promotes sharing of resources. Just like in the LIP leadership concepts, orientation to service and quality is discussed as a characteristic of transformational leadership style. This helps in meeting expectations and needs of customers in an organizational context. This therefore leads to customer loyalty. Conclusion The report discusses various concepts of leadership and self assessment styles. The report begins with self assessment of leadership styles and character. Its an in depth analysis of the perceptions I have about myself and how they have influenced my leadership. This is followed by an analysis of the differences between the perceptions I had and the new view after taking MLQ/Birkman/GMI. The new knowledge gained from the assessment is discussed. The final section of the paper evaluates the LPI nine leadership competences and how they are related to the concepts discussed in MLQ/Birkman/GMI. References Ebener, D. R. (2010). Servant leadership models for your parish. New York: Paulist Press. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. (2016). The New Leadership Challenge, 5e: Creating the Future of Nursing. Pennsylvania: F.A. Davis Company. Komives, S. R. (2011). The handbook for student leadership development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Ledlow, G. R., Coppola, M. N. (2011). Leadership for health professionals: Theory, skills, and applications. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015). Leadership. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. In Mukerji, S., In Tripathi, P. (2017). Handbook of research on administration, policy, and leadership in higher education. Rothstein, M. G., Burke, R. J. (2010).Self-management and leadership development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Roe, K. (2014). Leadership: Practice and perspectives. In Scott, S., In Scott, D. E., In Webber, C. F. (2016). Leadership of assessment, inclusion, and learning. Smith, P. A. C., Cockburn, T. (2013). Dynamic leadership models for global business: Enhancing digitally connected environments. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. Wakeman, C. (2014). Reality-based leadership self assessment. Wang, V. C. X. (2016). Educational leadership and organizational management: Linking theories to practice.

To Grade Or Not To Grade, That Is The Problem Essays -

To Grade or Not to Grade, That is the Problem - What's your GPA (Grade Point Average)? - Have you taken this course before? What did you get? In his essay The Farce Called "Grading", Arthur E. Lean questions the use of asking these kinds of questions. Grades have become part of our lives as students. People need a grading system and "seem to assume it to be necessary and intrinsic to the process of formal education"(Lean 131). He refers to the grade as "a symbol purporting to express a measurement of academic achievement-an evaluation of the quality and quantity of learning"(Lean 132). There are two main arguments Lean has suggested. First, there is an inconsistency from the graders. Second, he sees the grading system as being unfair and even harmful for students' attitudes toward education. He points out that grading system should be eliminated. To backup the fact that many people are challenging the necessity of the grading system, Lean provides two examples: "A sustained effort should be made to throw out false inducements to learning. In one way or another most of these refer to our obsession with grades?. As a system for evaluating attainment of broad educational aims, it remains a failure. Few teachers have any systematic idea of how to grade fairly. Grading is also the chief villain behind the scandal of college cheating," said Louis T. Benezet (Lean 130). "I have long ago reached the conclusion that the marking system itself is damaging in its impact on the education of our children and youth, and that it should go the way of the hickory stick and dunce caps. It should be abandoned at all levels of education," said Ernest O. Melby (Lean 130). I agree with Lean to some extent that there are some inconsistencies from the graders and perhaps some unfairness occurred to many students. On the other hand, I am not sure that the system is totally harmful for students' attitudes toward education. Also, given the fact that the grading system is a very useful instrument for both motivating and measuring students' academic abilities, the system is still essential to be kept. There is an inconsistency between markers for grading term papers or open questions that I agree with Lean. On his example of several teachers marking the same paper, "invariably the assigned grades on the same theme ranged all the way from A (excellent) to E (failure)" (Lean 132). Although many professors might say that point of view would not be graded while they try not to be biasing, there is no guarantee that a professor would not give a lower mark to a paper because s/he may disagree with some parts of the essay. As a former English class student in grade 12, I notice that my teacher tended to be prejudicing on non-native English writers' papers. The reason I said that was because there is a big grade difference if our papers were marked by another who had not met the writers before. A professional marker who was hired by the English department graded one of our term papers every term. Generally, the non-native English writers received significantly higher marks than th! ey do when our class teacher is marking. The average differential marks for non-native English are about ten percent. As for native English writer, the differential marks are not very much. It is true that the grading system can hardly be absolutely fair. Actually, "most teachers try to be fair and accurate in their estimate" (Lean 133). One teacher who grades a work accurately doesn't suggest that the other teachers would do the same. However Lean claims that "all the time they know--at least, those who are honest with themselves know-that they are attempting the impossible. No self-respecting teacher ever rests peacefully the night after turning in a set of grades, for he knows that the "system" has made a charlatan of him and he goes to bed and hating himself for it" (Lean 133). I don't agree with the way Lean is questioning the teachers since their role is to act as a "judge" on student's work. There is a difference between being unfair and conforming with the system. A teacher who gives the best suitable grade to an assignment is being fair. What Lean suggests is that teachers do not attempt to change the grading system. Lean is being unfair to the teachers! in this way because a teacher's

Free Essays on MLK Had A Dream

Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream. A dream of freedom, of complete brother hood, the true American dream, the dream of full equality. King was one of history’s most influential leaders of racial justice. King organized marches, speeches, and much more to motivate the Africans of America to fight for their rights. His political philosophy and strong beliefs helped lead our nation to the racial justice we have today. King speaks of the American dream in almost every speech. This American dream is a dream of total equality, a society in which whites and blacks could live side by side, work together, fight together, and attend school together. King was not like the other civil rights leaders of his time. He used a nonviolent approach that involved many sit-ins and harmless protests. He had a set of steps that he would use when organizing a nonviolent direct action campaign. The following steps were used in the Birmingham campaign. â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action.† (King-390). After several arrests for demonstrating without a permit, King’s Birmingham campaign was launched. This campaign was a series of rallies in Birmingham, Alabama that led up to the Civil Rights Act. During the campaign, King spent 11 days in jail and wrote the famous â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† On May 10th, the Birmingham agreement desegregated restaurants, stores, and jails. King starts his letter by saying â€Å"While confined here in the Birmingham city jail†(King-389). Thi s is important because King is making a strong point right away in his letter. He is saying they threw me in jail for what I believe and I am okay with that because I am standing up for what I believe in. He is also saying I am making a sacrifice for the cause of human rights and yet you are disputing my purpose for being here in Birmingham... Free Essays on MLK Had A Dream Free Essays on MLK Had A Dream Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream. A dream of freedom, of complete brother hood, the true American dream, the dream of full equality. King was one of history’s most influential leaders of racial justice. King organized marches, speeches, and much more to motivate the Africans of America to fight for their rights. His political philosophy and strong beliefs helped lead our nation to the racial justice we have today. King speaks of the American dream in almost every speech. This American dream is a dream of total equality, a society in which whites and blacks could live side by side, work together, fight together, and attend school together. King was not like the other civil rights leaders of his time. He used a nonviolent approach that involved many sit-ins and harmless protests. He had a set of steps that he would use when organizing a nonviolent direct action campaign. The following steps were used in the Birmingham campaign. â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action.† (King-390). After several arrests for demonstrating without a permit, King’s Birmingham campaign was launched. This campaign was a series of rallies in Birmingham, Alabama that led up to the Civil Rights Act. During the campaign, King spent 11 days in jail and wrote the famous â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail.† On May 10th, the Birmingham agreement desegregated restaurants, stores, and jails. King starts his letter by saying â€Å"While confined here in the Birmingham city jail†(King-389). Thi s is important because King is making a strong point right away in his letter. He is saying they threw me in jail for what I believe and I am okay with that because I am standing up for what I believe in. He is also saying I am making a sacrifice for the cause of human rights and yet you are disputing my purpose for being here in Birmingham...

Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Korea

Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Korea Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Joseon Korea is revered today in both North Korea and South Korea. Indeed, attitudes toward the great naval commander verge on worshipful in South Korea, and Yi appears in several television dramas, including the eponymous Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-shin from 2004-05.   The admiral almost single-handedly saved Korea during the Imjin War (1592-1598), but his career path in the corrupt Joseon military was anything but smooth. Early Life Yi Sun Shin was born in Seoul on April 28, 1545. His family was noble, but his grandfather had been purged from the government in the Third Literati Purge of 1519, so the Deoksu Yi clan steered clear of government service. As a child, Yi reportedly played commander in neighborhood war games and made his own functional bows and arrows. He also studied Chinese characters and classics, as was expected of a yangban boy. In his twenties, Yi began to study at a military academy. There he learned archery, horseback riding, and other martial skills. He took the Kwago National Military Exam to become a junior officer at the age of 28, but fell from his horse during the cavalry test and broke his leg. Legend holds that he hobbled to a willow tree, cut some branches, and splinted his own leg so that he could continue the test. In any case, he failed the exam due to this injury. Four years later, in 1576, Yi took the military exam once more and passed.  He became the oldest junior officer in the Joseon military at the age of 32. The new officer was posted to the northern border, where Joseon troops regularly battled Jurchen (Manchu) invaders. Army Career Soon, young officer Yi became known throughout the army for his leadership and his strategic mastery.   He captured the Jurchen chief Mu Pai Nai in battle in 1583, dealing the invaders a crushing blow.  In the corrupt Joseon army, however, Yis early successes led his superior officers to fear for their own positions, so they decided to sabotage his career. Conspirators led by General Yi Il falsely accused Yi Sun Shin of desertion during a battle; he was arrested, stripped of his rank, and tortured. When Yi got out of prison, he immediately re-enlisted in the army as an ordinary foot-soldier.  Once again his strategic brilliance and military expertise soon got him promoted to commander of a military training center in Seoul, and later to military magistrate of a rural county. Yi Sun Shin continued to ruffle feathers, however, refusing to promote the friends and relatives of his superiors if they did not merit a higher position. This uncompromising integrity was very unusual in the Joseon army and made him few friends.   However, his value as an officer and strategist kept him from being purged. Navy Man At the age of 45, Yi Sun Shin was promoted to the rank of Commanding Admiral of the Southwestern Sea, in the Jeolla region, despite the fact that he had no naval training or experience.   It was 1590, and Admiral Yi was acutely aware of the growing threat posed to Korea by Japan. Japans taiko, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was determined to conquer Korea as a stepping stone to Ming China. From there, he even dreamed of expanding the Japanese Empire into India. Admiral Yis new naval command lay in a key position along Japans sea route to Seoul, the Joseon capital. Yi immediately began to build up the Korean navy in the southwest, and ordered the construction of the worlds first iron-clad, the turtle ship.  He stockpiled food and military supplies and instituted a strict new training regimen. Yis command was the only section of the Joseon military actively preparing for war with Japan. Japan Invades In 1592, Hideyoshi ordered his samurai army to attack Korea, beginning with Busan, on the southeast coast. Admiral Yis fleet sailed out to oppose their landing, and despite his complete lack of naval combat experience, he quickly defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Okpo, where he was outnumbered 54 ships to 70; the Battle of Sacheon, which was the debut of the turtle boat and resulted in every Japanese ship in the fight sinking; and several others. Hideyoshi, impatient at this delay, deployed all 1,700 of his available ships to Korea, meaning to crush Yis fleet and take control of the seas. Admiral Yi, however, responded in August 1592 with the Battle of Hansan-do, in which his 56 ships defeated a Japanese detachment of 73, sinking 47 of Hideyoshis ships without losing a single Korean one.  In disgust, Hideyoshi recalled his entire fleet. In 1593, the Joseon king promoted Admiral Yi to the commander of three provinces navies: Jeolla, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong.  His title was Naval Commander of the Three Provinces. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese plotted to get Yi out of the way so that the Japanese armys supply lines would be secure. They sent a double agent called Yoshira to the Joseon Court, where he told Korean General Kim Gyeong-seo that he wanted to spy on the Japanese. The general accepted his offer, and Yoshira began feeding the Koreans minor intelligence. Finally, he told the general that a Japanese fleet was approaching, and Admiral Yi needed to sail to a certain area to intercept and ambush them. Admiral Yi knew that the supposed ambush was actually a trap for the Korean fleet, laid by the Japanese double agent.  The area for the ambush had rough waters that hid many rocks and shoals. Admiral Yi refused to take the bait.   In 1597, because of his refusal to sail into the trap, Yi was arrested and tortured almost to death.   The king ordered him executed, but some of the admirals supporters managed to get the sentence commuted. General Won Gyun was appointed to head the navy in his place; Yi once more was broken down to the rank of foot-soldier. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi launched his second invasion of Korea early in 1597.  He sent 1,000 ships carrying 140,000 men. This time, however, Ming China sent the Koreans thousands of reinforcements, and they managed to hold off the land-based troops. However, Admiral Yis replacement, Won Gyun, made a series of tactical blunders at sea that left the Japanese fleet in a much stronger position. On August 28, 1597, his Joseon fleet of 150 warships blundered into a Japanese fleet of between 500 and 1,000 ships. Only 13 of the Korean ships survived; Won Gyun was killed. The fleet that Admiral Yi had so carefully built was demolished. When King Seonjo heard about the disastrous Battle of Chilchonryang, he immediately reinstated Admiral Yi but the great admirals fleet had been destroyed. Nonetheless, Yi was defiant of orders to take his sailors ashore.  I still have twelve warships under my command, and I am alive. The enemy shall never be safe in the Western Sea! In October of 1597, he lured a Japanese fleet of 333 into the Myeongnyang Strait, which was narrow and dredged by a powerful current. Yi laid chains across the mouth of the strait, trapping the Japanese ships inside. As the ships sailed through the strait in a heavy fog, many hit rocks and sank. Those that survived were enveloped by Admiral Yis carefully deposed force of 13, which sank 33 of them without using a single Korean ship.   The Japanese commander Kurushima Michifusa was killed in action. Admiral Yis victory at the Battle of Myeongnyang was one of the greatest naval triumphs not just in Korean history, but in all of history. It thoroughly demoralized the Japanese fleet and cut the supply lines to the Japanese army in Korea. The Final Battle In December of 1598, the Japanese decided to break through the Joseon sea blockade and bring the troops home to Japan. On the morning of December 16, a Japanese fleet of 500 met Yis combined Joseon and Ming fleet of 150 at Noryang Strait. Once again, the Koreans prevailed, sinking about 200 of the Japanese ships and capturing an additional 100. However, as the surviving Japanese retreated, a lucky arquebus shot by one of the Japanese troops hit Admiral Yi in the left side. Yi feared that his death could demoralize the Korean and Chinese troops, so he told his son and nephew We are about to win the war.  Do not announce my death! The younger men carried his body below decks to conceal the tragedy and re-entered the fight. This drubbing at the Battle of Noryang was the last straw for the Japanese. They sued for peace and withdrew all troops from Korea. The Joseon kingdom, however, had lost its greatest admiral. In the final tally, Admiral Yi was undefeated in at least 23 naval battles, despite being seriously outnumbered in most of them. Although he had never fought at sea before Hideyoshis invasion, his strategic brilliance saved Korea from being conquered by Japan. Admiral Yi Sun Shin died defending a nation that had betrayed him more than once, and for that, he is still honored today throughout the Korean Peninsula and is even respected in Japan.

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Final Exam - Assignment Example This is a literary term that was coined from the poem of Rudyard Kipling that satirically described the presumed responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture to nonwhite people; this concept was often advanced as a justification for European colonialism and imperialism (Easterly 130). After the World War I, there was significant level of disillusionment to the population from the ravaged economy and unfavorable socio-political environment which was more detrimental to youths. Post World War I political strategists created fascism as a tool that would help them consolidate power by appearing to promote the young people who happen to be critical in determine various socio-economic and political behaviors in the country. Benito Mussolini and Hitler promised youth employment and also championed for more freedom to the youth from the traditional overprotective parental control (Aronson 157-9). These factors considerably attracted the youth to fascism in 1920s and 1930s in Europe. The geopolitics of the world changed significantly after World War II in the following ways; United States became the superpower with significant presence in capitalist allies in Europe like in Britain. Russia remained a communist champion and strengthened their influence in Asian economies like china, Japan among others. United States extended its grip on the politics of Middle East and influenced socio-economic and political agenda amidst strong opposition from the Muslim dominated Arab world like Iran, Iraq among others (Dima 74-9). There is increasing improvement in healthcare and this reflects increased population into the future. There is a possibility of skewed demographics with a larger percentage of older generation and female children due to governments’ campaign for controlled birth for regulation of population. This indicates that the future demographic structure will shift

Queen Victoria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Queen Victoria - Essay Example When she was only an infant, her father who was the fourth son of King George the III expired and her mother brought her up single-handedly in a manner that was â€Å"both simple and spare,† by keeping a very keen eye on her and restricting all her movements. (Brad Hooper, 2005) However, in 1837, after the death of her uncle William IV, she assumed the throne and brought her cloistered existence to a close. Arnstein also sheds light on how Queen Victoria, under the guidance and influence of her beloved consort, Prince Albert, worked hard behind the scenes all through her years as a reclusive widow. (Brad Hooper, 2005) Queen Victoria has been the subject of the most number of biographies, than any other lady born since the 1800’s. However, Arnstein is one of the latest biographers who has carried out an in-depth research on the Queen and has shed light on many of the neglected areas of the Queen’s life. Arnstein’s biography is based on authentic manuscript sources such as journals and letters from the Queen’s own writings. ... Arnstein’s depiction of Victorian society is so well expressed in his biography, giving his readers a deep understanding about the administration and the political scene that existed during that time. These facts are not found in the biographies of other authors. He especially examines the political, social, economical and cultural background that was prevalent in Victorian society which makes it easy for his audience to understand how the administration was carried out during those days. In his enlightening and engaging study of the Queen, Arnstein makes an investigation of the public and private life of Queen Victoria. He makes use of the Royal Archives of the Windsor Castle, biographies, monographs, surveys and past research studies and incorporates them together with his own findings to provide us with an insightful view of the Victorian Age. For his study, he made use of various sources of previously unpublished journals and letters written and received by the Queen that contributed towards making his biography of Queen Victoria one of the most outstanding biographies ever. In the history of the world, Queen Victoria is considered as one of the most influential octogenarians to head one of the most powerful nations in the world. Arnstein sheds light on some of the controversial domestic issues and the various international conflicts that faced Victoria during her reign, which is considered to be the longest in the history of Britain. He also made use of secondary sources from collections of already published material to gain insight into the Queen’s life. He speaks of her marriage to Albert and of her being the mother of nine children who proudly showed them to ‘domestic and foreign dignitaries’ (Walter

Environmental Analysis Essay Example for Free

Environmental Analysis Essay Sample Responses to Questions 1.Laws and Regulations. What are some key laws and regulations under which this company and the music industry must operate? Key laws and regulations in the music industry might include copyright regulations, contracts, royalty practices in both retail sales and radio broadcasting, anti-trust, advertising regulations, foreign-trade practices. 2.Economy. How does the state of the economy influence the sales of this company’s products? The state of the economy has traditionally had less of an immediate impact on the music industry than on some others. CDs and on-line music sales tend to be low-ticket items, and are less likely to be affected too adversely even by a recession. A key driver of sales is the presence or absence of popular new talent. 3.Technology. What new technologies strongly affect the company you have selected? New technologies permitting on-line music sales, like iTunes, and recording and playing devices like iPod and upcoming cellphone technologies, increase the easy availability and sale of music products. They also allow music companies to avoid the expense of manufacturing and distributing CDs, and sharing sales revenues with retailers. A major downside is that new technologies permit easy copying of music without payment. Technology that can provide copyright protection (e.g., preventing unauthorized copying) may be one solution to this problem. 4.Demographics. What changes in the population might affect the company’s customer base? Demographics affecting the company might include changes in the population of young people who are the primary purchasers of pop music (conversely, the gradual decrease in classical music sales as the demographic for that segment ages), and the growing importance of the Hispanic market. 5.Social Issues. What changes in society affect the market for your company’s music products? Social issues affecting the company include not only the increased tolerance for illegal copying of music, already mentioned, but also the increased fragmentation of public tastes and interests. Objections to obscenity in lyrics, and the rising influence of the religious market, are other social factors influencing the music business. 6.Suppliers. How does your company’s relationship with suppliers affect its profitability? The lower the cost of supplies, the more profit the company will make. In the music industry, supplies are both tangible (the cost of CDs and jewel cases, for example) and intangible (the money paid to artists.) Companies that introduce new artists take bigger risks, but also have smaller costs than companies that record and distribute the music of established acts. 7.Competitors. What companies compete with the firm you have selected? Do they compete on price, on quality, or on other factors? Key competitors in the industry include Bertelsmann, EMI, Sony, Universal, and Warner Music. There used to be many more companies, but the industry has experienced considerable consolidation. (There might be even more consolidation but for anti-trust regulations in the U.S. and Europe.) The companies do not compete on price at all, or even on the quality of their products per se; the main sources of competitive advantage are the companies backlist the music copyrights they own and, even more important, the new talent they are able to find and sign. Most music buyers do not know or care which company is selling the music they are buying. 8.New entrants. Are new competitors to the company likely? Possible? Traditionally, new entrants were extremely unlikely; given the large capital investment the music business requires (millions to launch a new album, for example). That may still be the case, but today potential new entrants include music distributors themselves, like Apple, who can decide to bypass music companies and sign new talent on their own. This is unlikely, as companies like Apple currently do not have the expertise, experience, or perhaps even interest in the business. But it remains a possibility that music companies need to take into account, particularly as on-line distributors become an increasingly important part of the supply chain. In addition, the ability to sell music on line may reduce the need for some well-known artists to rely on the marketing and distribution capabilities of music companies, and to sell directly to consumers on their own. 9.Substitutes. Is there a threat of substitutes for the music industry’s existing products? There are many substitute delivery systems for music, and the music industry is constantly being threatened by non-paying delivery systems. Music itself is more difficult to replace, however time spent on other forms of entertainment may decrease the amount of time and money spent on music. 10.Customers. What characteristics of the company’s customer base influence the company’s competitiveness? Customers in the industry are characterized mainly by the fickleness, volatility, and unpredictability of their tastes. Only a small fraction of new releases succeed and these are new releases issued by extremely experienced, knowledgeable companies, in an extremely competitive industry. Even sales of new albums by well-known groups are difficult to predict, and very few stars maintain their longevity. Customers also think theres nothing wrong with making free copies of music for their friends, nor do they have great affection and respect for music companies. Sample Responses to Discussion Questions 1.What has the company done to adapt to its environment? To adapt to the environment, music companies are taking over more of the supply chain, manufacturing their own CDs and managing their own music clubs. They are making deals with on-line music distributors to sell individual songs. They are also increasing their on-line marketing efforts, as in letting AOL offer its customers music video and song samples. 2.How does the company attempt to influence its environment? To influence the environment, music companies pay slotting fees to retailers to gain shelf space, and pay fees to ensure play time on radio stations. They heavily market new releases. They are aggressively seeking to enforce copyright laws forbidding illegal copying their success in shutting down Napster is an example of that. They are also enlisting the artists themselves in an effort to educate and influence the public on the illegal copying issue. In the U.S., they are also asking the government to pressure China to reduce the widespread music piracy in that country.

Mayan Indians :: Pre-Columbian History Culture

Mayan Indians The Maya Indians are Indians that Lived in parts of present time Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The Maya Indians had a complex hieroglyphic alphabet and a complicated calendar system. Only the high priests and kings knew how to read it and write and read the complex alphabet. The Maya Indians did not live in teepees like you may think they lived in houses sort of like ours but no nails or installation to keep it warm. The Maya Indians where great builders they made large buildings made out of stone some stones weighed more than 2 tons that is over 4,000 pound. When a child was born in the Maya civilization it was a sign of good luck. After it was born the priest was called and the baby was given a sacred name and then the priest predicts the future. In marriages the woman was allowed to marry when she was 14-15 years old. The boy in the relationship had to be at least 18 years old like our country in marriages. The Maya men and woman where very short compared to us. The average woman was 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬(tm) 8à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quite short for our women who reached an average of 5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬(tm) 4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The men where also short but not too short. They reached5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬(tm) 8à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ only 2 inches shy of our men who reach an average of 5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬(tm) 10à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. The Mayan disappeared close to the year 900 A.D. By 1450 most of the major cities where abandoned. Nobody knows for sure but there are theories that the men would go to war and the family would hide in a near by countryside and take cover. The tribe made their culture so advanced and just abandoned it for war. So why would a culture ruin their life style to fight but that is just a theory we may never know. The stylish thing to do in the Mayan civilization was having tattoos and wearing tons of jewelry was considered hip. Also they thought that filling your teeth to a sharp point and having your eyes crossed was attractive. Priests had three main types of calendars. The first was a civil calendar this was based on the solar cycle of the sun. The year lasted 365 days there was no leap year though so they where a day off every 7 years. The long court had a special system that kept track of long spans of time such as decades and centuries.

Angry Men

Although the movie has a well written plot and moral, it is very tedious and uneventful because of its setting, situation, and pace. In a Jury room with twelve men with ranging personalities, eleven men want the Jury to be over as soon as possible so that they can continue on with their lives. The protagonist, Juror 8, sets out to change the presumed idea that the boy Is culpable and forces the careless eleven Jurors to discuss the evidence.All twelve men have their own situation and knowledge that ties in with evidences, and numerous hours have been spent for the helve angry Jurors to finally agree that the boy Is not guilty. The entire film, having a running time of 96 minutes, took over one continuous period of time and in one place, the Jury room, which made It uneventful and dull. The movie was also extremely slow. Even though the twelve characters of the film intensely fought for and against their opinion, the result was predictable.The moral of the film, that the society Is li ke a flock of sheep, Is agreeable to the general public today. The movie says a lot about human nature and character. Each of the twelve Jurors Is forced to make Individual decisions, stating their own rationale and prompt thoughts, Instead of Individuals being dominated by various people In a group. When each juror slowly changes his mind, others followed, one after another.This demonstrates that the society Is Like a flock of sheep, where people are too easily Influenced or led to following others In the flock. In other words, It shows that even the smallest things can affect our decisions (one against many). Also, even If this film might have been popular at the time It was released, (having an overall rate of 9 out of 10, also awarded and nominated for numerous awards) It Is too dated to be popular today. Movie genres such as action and science fiction are becoming favored today, as opposed to classic movies In the past.In my pollen, despite the well written plot and moral, the film was still tedious and uneventful because of Its setting, situation, and pace. The pace of the movie Is very slow, also taking place In one continuous location. Although It Is time consuming, 12 Angry Men rigorously sets out to solve the conflict ND clearly points out whether the boy who killed his father Is guilty or not. The moral of the story, that society Is Like a flock of sheep, expresses how society Is appears. 2 Angry Men By Yemeni out to change the presumed idea that the boy is culpable and forces the careless twelve angry Jurors to finally agree that the boy is not guilty. Of time and in one place, the Jury room, which made it uneventful and dull. The of the film, that the society is like a flock of sheep, is agreeable to the general public The movie says a lot about human nature and character. Each of the twelve Jurors is forced to make individual decisions, stating their own rationale and prompt thoughts, instead of individuals being dominated by various people in a group.When each that the society is like a flock of sheep, where people are too easily influenced or led to following others in the flock. In other words, it shows that even the smallest things can affect our decisions (one against many). Also, even if this film might have been popular at the time it was released, (having an overall rate of 9 out of 10, also warded and nominated for numerous awards) it is too dated to be popular today. Opposed to classic movies in the past.In my opinion, despite the well written plot and moral, the film was still tedious and uneventful because of its setting, situation, and pace. The pace of the movie is very slow, also taking place in one continuous location. Although it is time consuming, 12 Angry Men rigorously sets out to solve the conflict and clearly points out whether the boy who killed his father is guilty or not. The moral of the story, that society is like a flock of sheep, expresses how society is Angry men I believe in the beginning the 2 main Jurors who were basing their decisions on prejudice were mainly Jurors #3 and #10. Juror #3 more based on prejudices of young men, particularly because he had such a horrendous relationship with his own son, I feel like this case really hit him close to home and really affected him In a personal way. I believe he let his feelings got In the way of his logical thinking and was practically projecting the anger he had towards his son towards the young men on trial, who had been accused of a horrible crime against his father.Juror #10 was more prejudice of the young suspects race, making statements like; â€Å"You know how they are,† and â€Å"They're all the same, all born liars†. I guess In a way he could have been using reverse discrimination because he wasn't at all prejudice about the Individual or what the witnesses said during their testimonies. But I really don't believe that Juror #8 was using reverse discrimination but was pos sibly more interested and paid more attention to the small details of the case then the other jurors.He simply brought up other points that some of the other jurors didn't catch ND just couldn't think of until brought up by Juror #8. I don't think it should have been a hung jury because it's not like all of the Jurors made a decision and stuck to it, people were changing their votes, slowly but surely, therefore I don't think it should have been a hung jury. Some of the persuasive pieces of evidence are first and foremost the knife, the witness saying it was a rare knife that was one of a kind, and juror #8 went out and proved that.Another piece of evidence was the blueprint of the other man's apartment, which pretty much proved the older gentlemen would eave been able to go out and check everything he said he did. Juror # 1 aka the foreman was a pretty good leader and kept the Jury organized and as focused as possible when things got a bit too out of hand. Juror #2 was more of a sh y individual who would voice his opinion whenever he needed too. Juror #3 was a bit out spoken and was a very angry and very easily excitable person. Juror #4 was more of a quiet but confident person, and had a very serious demeanor.Juror #5 was a man who said he was from the slums but he spoke when he felt attacked or when he felt something regulatory was said about the young man on trial based on where he was raised. Juror #6 was a very respectful man, who stood up for the elderly man when he felt people were trying to intimidate the older gentlemen. Juror #7 seems Like he TLD really care about the case but more worried about the ball game which he had tickets for. Juror #8 was the one who pretty much stood up against the rest of the Jurors based on his thoughts and beliefs. He stood up for the boy when everyone else thought he was guilty.It took a lot of courage to not only stand up against what everyone else was saying, but also to sway the vote of the Jury In the opposite direc tion. Juror #9 was the older gentleman, who was fairly quiet except for when he really wanted to get his opinion in. Juror #10 was a more racist individual and really didn't like the young man on trial from the get go, saying he was â€Å"one of them† and lust basing his vote on his dislike of â€Å"them†. I don't really recall too much or juror remember that Juror #12 was a marketing agent and he seemed rather distracted from the case.I don't really feel like any of them have my style of communication, and oneself I don't even feel like it would be close to any of them. But since I had to pick one I would more than likely say Juror #8 Just because I feel like I am pretty good and looking at the small details and usually pretty good at persuading people. Answering this question is tough, especially since I literally didn't see any part of the case. If I was on the Jury I would have probably voted along with every other of the Jurors because it seems like to me the defe nse team didn't do a good Job in this case.But I loud have probably been persuaded along with the rest of them as Juror #8 would have pointed out facts that the defense wasn't able to point out. In a case like this I believe having a more than amazing defense team is way more important than if your truly guilty or not. A great defense attorney wouldn't have let any of the Jurors go into the Jury room thinking that boy had committed any type of crime, and if they thought he committed a crime right from the get go, a good defense team would have put a doubt into their mind, and make them rethink those guilty thoughts.

Product and Services Design

Design is one of the components of the operations management. Specifically, product and service design is one of the processes of the design. As states in Morris (2009, p.22), Product design is defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service. â€Å"Service design is the activity of planning and organizing people, infrastructure, communication and material components of a service, in order to improve its quality, the interaction between service provider and customers and the customer's experience. Service design methodologies are used to plan and organize people, infrastructure, communication and material components used in a service. The increasing importance and size of the service sector, both in terms of people employed and economic importance, requires services to be accurately designed in order for service providers to remain competitive and to continue to attract customers.† (Morelli, 2002, p.3-17) According to Slack, N., Chambers, S. & Johnston, R. (2010, p. 113-134), good products and services design is important for both companies and its customers. It fulfils the customers’ wants from the product and service design and also generates the profit for the companies. The performance of the product and service design is measured by its quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. The stages of product and service design include concept design, concept screening, preliminary design, evaluation & improvement and prototype and final design. All of these stages finally run out a fully developed product. As a result, a concept, a package and a process is designed in the product and service design. â€Å"A concept is the understanding of the nature, use and value of the service or product; a package of ‘component’ products and services that provide those benefits defined in the concept; the process defines the way in which the component products and services will be created and delivered.† (Slack, N., Chambers, S. & Johnston, R., 2010)

How To Pitch Using CoSchedule To Organize Your Marketing To Your Boss

How To Pitch Using To Organize Your Marketing To Your Boss Alright. So you’re convinced is THE tool for you. You’ve done the research†¦ You’ve set up your calendar†¦ You’ve got your team fired up and now you’re ready to get some REAL work done. Only problem: convincing your boss to hand over that company card willingly :) While you might see as your personal LIFESAVER, convincing your boss that it’s worth the coin, may take a bit more finesse. Thankfully, as a marketer†¦. You have a KNACK for selling (like it or not, it’s what you do) and this scenario is no different. In order to sell to your boss†¦ You gotta’ speak in terms they care about:  money, time, and results. So, from one marketer to another, here are three key talking points to get your boss onboard. SAVES You Time Your time is valuable, and as a savvy marketer with intelligent, creative, and highly sought after skills, energy spent on mundane, repetitive tasks are a time suck. According to Mckinsey reports, the average worker spends 28% of their work week managing emails, plus an additional 20% looking for internal information or tracking down colleagues who can help with specific tasks. That’s nearly HALF of your week spent trying to coordinate on a project!? Time you could’ve spent actually moving forward on your projects...driving traffic to your blog...generating leads for your company...anything! Mini Exercise for Your Boss: Imagine a world where.... You eliminate information silos (and hours of unnecessary meetings)†¦. You easily share files, comments, and project details with everyone on the team (never missing an important detail because someone forgot to hit â€Å"reply all† or the file simply â€Å"disappeared†)... And you get projects done wicked fast, driving TONS of traffic, and LEADS to your website†¦ Too good to be true?... think again. With , all your collaboration happens in ONE PLACE. You can eliminate the email threads, multiple files shared in multiple areas, and keep everyone on the same page... ...literally saving you 20 hours, EVERY week. That’s 20 hours you can be utilizing to: Write a 2000 word blog post that generates 20% more subscribers Publish and manage FB ads that drive the RIGHT leads back to your site Write a landing page that spreads the NEWS about your podcast series Host a webinar teaching your audience â€Å"How to Market Your Business on X Topic† Create a mini-video series to share (and nurture) your email list Or build out a promotion plan for your NEXT ebook The point is... By saving time on the mechanics, you give yourself (and your team) the ability to work on what MATTERS, move projects forward, and SHIP faster.

Learn About Sudan - Geography, History, and More

Learn About Sudan - Geography, History, and More Population: 43,939,598 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: KhartoumBordering Countries: Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, South Sudan, and UgandaLand Area: 967,500 square miles (2,505,813 sq km)Coastline: 530 miles (853 km)Sudan is located in northeastern Africa and it is the largest country in Africa. It is also the tenth largest country in the world based on area. Sudan is bordered by nine different countries and it is located along the Red Sea. It has a long history of civil wars as well as political and social instability. Most recently Sudan has been in the news because South Sudan seceded from Sudan on July 9, 2011. The elections for secession began on January 9, 2011 and the referendum to secede passed strongly. South Sudan seceded from Sudan because it is mostly Christian and it has been engaged in a civil war with the Muslim north for several decades.History of SudanSudan has a long history that begins with its being a collection of small kingdoms until Egypt conquered the area in the early 1800s. At this time however, Egypt only controlled the northern portions, while the south was made up of independent tribes. In 1881, Muhammad ibn Abdalla, also known as Mahdi, began a crusade to unify western and central Sudan which created the Umma Party.In 1885, Mahdi led a revolt but he died soon after and in 1898, Egypt and Great Britain regained joint control of the area.In 1953, however, Great Britain and Egypt gave Sudan the powers of self-government and put it on a path to independence. On January 1, 1956, Sudan gained full independence. According to the United States Department of State, once it gained independence Sudans leaders began to renege on promises to create a federal system which began a long period of civil war in the country between the northern and southern areas as the north has long tried to implement Muslim policies and customs.As a result of the long civil wars, Sudans economic and political progress has been slow and a large part of its population has been displ aced to neighboring countries over the years. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Sudan underwent several changes in government and suffered from high levels of political instability along with the continuing civil war. Beginning in the early 2000s though, the government of Sudan and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) came up with several agreements that would give South Sudan more autonomy from the rest of the country and put it on a path to becoming independent.In July 2002 steps to end the civil war began with the Machakos Protocol and on November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A worked with the United Nations Security Council and signed a declaration for a peace agreement that would be enacted by the end of 2004. On January 9, 2005 the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA).Government of SudanBased on the CPA, Sudans government today is called a Government of National Unity. This is a power sharing type of government that exists between the Nation al Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLM/A. The NCP however, carries most of the power. Sudan also has an executive branch of government with a president and a legislative branch that is made up of the bicameral National Legislature. This body consists of the Council of States and the National Assembly. Sudans judicial branch is made up of several different high courts. The country is also divided into 25 different states.Economics and Land Use in SudanRecently, Sudans economy has begun to grow after many years of instability due to its civil war. There are a number of different industries in Sudan today and agriculture also plays a large role in its economy. The main industries of Sudan are oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments and automobile assembly. Its main agricultural products include cotton, peanuts, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, tapioca, mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame and livestock.Geography a nd Climate of SudanSudan is a very large country with a total land area of 967,500 square miles (2,505,813 sq km). Despite the countrys size, most of Sudans topography is relatively flat with a featureless plain according to the CIA World Factbook. There are some high mountains in the far south and along the countrys northeast and western areas however. Sudans highest point, Kinyeti at 10,456 feet (3,187 m), is located on its far southern border with Uganda. In the north, most of Sudans landscape is desert and desertification is a serious issue in nearby areas.The climate of Sudan varies with location. It is tropical in the south and arid in the north. Parts of Sudan also have a rainy season which varies. Sudans capital Khartoum, which is located in the central part of the country where the White Nile and the Blue Nile rivers (both of which are tributaries of the Nile River) meet, has a hot, arid climate. The January average low for that city is 60ËšF (16ËšC) while the June average high is 106ËšF (41ËšC).To learn more about Sudan, visit the Geography and Maps section on Sudan on this web site.References Central Intelligence Agency. (27 December 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - Sudan. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/su.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Sudan: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107996.htmlUnited States Department of State. (9 November 2010). Sudan. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5424.htmWikipedia.com. (10 January 2011). Sudan - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan

Research critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research critique - Assignment Example The reason this article was chosen, and the nexus of its relevance as stated in the research questions, is that it specifically seeks to understand real issues as applied to real nurses (Akerstedt, et al. 2002). It takes into account the difference between many important demographic qualities. [104] Purpose of Study. The study is investigating possible contributors to maladaptive health outcomes in nurses who work full-time. Age and familial demands placed on the nurse are considered and weighed, as are the impacts of fatigue and recovery from night shift work. The outcomes were interesting, particularly the conclusion that domestic responsibilities are not significant contributors to maladaptive health outcomes. What was found to be significant was the shift pattern worked, especially night duty (Demerouti, et al. 2001). Interestingly, the effect of age was found to be equivocal with the younger nurses showing poorer recovery than the older group; it was shown that age was not associated with negative outcomes. [110] Literature Review. The literature review is well done and uses recent sources for those aspects of the discussion which require timely analysis, e.g., in 1990 it was well known that nurses worked in a stressful environment and so that old of a source is not a critical issue. When the authors begin discussing and citing information based on neuro-chemical studies, however, advances in that area of research would require up-to-date sources and older studies would lack reliable data. In this case, those aspects of the literature review that require modernity are properly supported with research performed within the previous year of this study (Newey & Hood 2004), and the sources used are reliable and known in the field. The authors are psychological researchers and not nurses; they do, however, use recognized studies from nurses and other scientists to support their points and give weight to

How do the media portray applied psychology Essay

How do the media portray applied psychology - Essay Example (Fryer, 1950) Media is an important vehicle for getting the message across to the right frame of audience at the right time and in the right capacity possible. It would not be wrong here to suggest that the role of media in any field is more than any other social and cultural domain that has come of age in the recent times. Media can literally shake the very basis of the disciplines and professions which are existent in the current times and it would not be long before we find out for our own selves that the media would take over our lives and start ruling us like none other. The question however present here is of understanding the relationship between the applied psychology and the representation of the same in the different media forms like electronic, print, outdoors and others. (Guilford, 1950) The relation between the different forms of media and the psychological basis depends entirely on the way the dependents, i.e. the consumers and end viewers think of it. It means the values attached with the media portrayals are important in their relation of the psychological self. The role of media in the ranks of the applied psychology brings into consideration the intricate aspects of gender portrayal as well as identity crisis at times. With this, there is the question of understanding the media activities and the players who actually run the whole show. (Groome, 2004) Applied psychology applies both at the industrial level within the media and also goes down towards the organizational basis. What this means is that the media stands at the crossroads of both of these significant areas. Media has a much larger role than it is perceivable at any point in time. Applied psychology regards the role of the media in the same light as it would give to any other significant feature within the cultural and social perspective. In all essence, applied psychology studies the mental processes

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

There is no set topic - Essay Example In the third stanza the poet explains the fact again that both the roads did not hold much difference. He thinks that he will come back to walk on the other road some other time. But despite of this he is aware of the fact that it will not be possible for him to come back again and choose the other road. In the final stanza of the poem, Frost explains that after years he will actually be sharing his experience with others and tell them that he had an option of choosing one of the two paths in the woods. He will share the reason for his choice. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has a deep message to convey and is not just simply about the woods and choice of the path that he takes. The poem explains the occurrence that happens in the life of every individual. It presents the occasion of choice that comes in the life of a person. In the life of a person, there are many instances when one has to choose between many different options and a person has to think before taking a decision. This happens many times and is a common occurrence in the life of almost every individual. The choice pertains to many important matters. This importance of choice is signified by Frost’s confusion before choosing for one of the paths in the wood and he analyzes both of them before opting for one of them. Also it explains the fact that it is very difficult for a person to come back to the same point in his life and begin again because every decision that a person takes initiates a cascade of events which needs the person to take further decisions. Hence it is impossible to actually move back again and start from the scratch. The poem also presents a very important aspect of human nature which is dissatisfaction. A human being is never satisfied with what he gets and what he opts for. He usually keeps on thinking that if he had chosen the second option, he might have been in a better position and this ambiguity is seen in Frost’s poem when he also

The Human Resources Function in the Wycombe District Council Essay Example for Free

The Human Resources Function in the Wycombe District Council Essay I have elected to use the Wycombe District Council as a large organization to base my analytical report on its Human Resources function. The council is apart of the public sector. A Human Resources or a Personnel Department is vital to a business in order for it to keep track of its employees and help employees resolve any problems that may occur while working. There are four main reasons for having a HR department: * It encourages employers to develop clear links between their business plans and their HR plans so that they can integrate the two more effectively * Organisations can control staff costs and the number of employees more effectively. * Employers can build up a skill profile for each of their employees. This makes it easier for employers to give work where its can be most valued for its organisation. Also plans for training and updating skills can be applied. * It creates a profile of staff (relating gender, race, disability), which is necessary for the operation of Equal Opportunities (which my chosen firm incorporates) Having a HR department has shown the following contemporary changes to businesses: * A decline in the proportion of employees that reside by trade unions. * A decline in the proportion of employees whose pay is set by unionised collective bargaining * A rise in the range of employment issues that are lacking in originality, from a managerial outline * A corresponding rise in the amount of part time, short term, contracted out employment Human Resources (Personnel) is responsible for many of the ins and outs of the business, as you may know in this particular business, Personnel and Human Resources is integrated. This adds a greater pressure for the Council to act diligently, but simultaneously, it can give more flexibility. Personnel keeps, information on all of the councils employees i.e. address, telephone and history of that certain individual. With the integration of Human Resources staff turnover can be forecasted and relevant actions can be taken to evade losses. Although there is an element of integration the usual HR officers are still deployed. The officers typically analyse the output of the employees within certain departments and takes notes on how to improve performance output. There is another method used in this particular business, in the way of monitoring how much work, is done by each individual, this method is deployed by joint effort of Human Resources and ISD (computer section of council). The council has a special operating system called QSP, now in order to use the computers a login procedure is upheld. First in the Windows Networking interface, you have to logon, at this point the HR department/officer can now tell who is using which PC, in which department. At this point only Microsoft Word documents can be monitored as most official council documents are scripted in Word. Next the computer user has to login within QSP, once he/she is logged on the monitoring is present. With this type of technology present the HR officer can tell who is the hard worker and who is being complacent. This is very effective as the council is very computer based. Although manual work it self e.g. handwritten letters, have to be manually monitored. With theses resources at their exploitation the council can use these very efficiently to improve and strengthen its taskforce. The ways that have been stated are ways that human resources are active within the business. Human Resources although integrated with Personnel play a very crucial role towards the running of the council on a daily basis. Although work can be monitored, ethical issues are a concern but this issue has no foundation, as most of the employees know that its apart of the Contract of Employment. Human Resources/Personnel department is regarded highly within the branches of the council due to that all employee records are shown at this particular department. There are 4 main branches within the council: * Property and Housing * Planning Transport Development * Leisure Health Community * Corporate Services Human Resources is found in the Corporate Services branch, it is placed highly, overall within the Corporate Services branch, managed under Personnel department. The Human Resources department is sub divided within the Personnel department. All functions (applicable) of Human Resources are integrated within Personal. Personnel has four other departments within: 1. Recruitment 2. Training and Development 3. Staff Welfare 4. Terms and Conditions The recruitment function in personnel employs recruitment officers and managers to analyse recruitment processes within the council. They are responsible for recruiting and interviewing job applicants and trainees. Other tasks include working with certain departments when vacancies appear to, to draw up a job description. Usually in certain businesses these are fabricated beforehand. But materialising such documents is time consuming and an expense. The council has a very thorough and well thought of Training and Development programme. Each year the Training Development programme is analysed and then revised to coincide with the existing technology of today. The current Training and Development Programme is starts at April 2001 and expires March 2002. The current instalment has six main areas of which training/development is given: * Management and Development * Customer Care * Personnel Development * Communication Skills * Health and Safety * Computer Skills I will now give training titles for the courses under each title: Management Development training incorporates: 1. Leadership Coaching 2. Recruitment and Selection 3. Managing Performance 4. Project Management 5. Introduction to Supervision Customer Care training incorporates: 1. Customer Service Workshop 2. Disability Awareness 3. Transactional Analysis 4. Serving a Cultural diverse community Personnel Development training entails: 1. Assertiveness 2. Creativity Innovation 3. Preparing for Retirement 4. Planning your future 5. Time management 6. Induction 7. Managing meetings 8. Negotiation Skills 9. Dealing with Violence and Aggression 10. Coping Positively with Pressure 11. Minute taking Communication Skills training 1. Presentation skills 2. Effective report writing 3. Writing Plain English 4. Media Skills 5. Communicating with Deaf Hard of hearing people Health and Safety training 1. Health and Safety induction 2. Workstation safety 3. Manual Handling 4. Fire Safety 5. Basics of Risk management 6. Personal Safety Computer Skills training 1. Word 97 Introduction 2. Word 97 Intermediate 3. Word 97 Advanced 4. Excel 97 Introduction 5. Excel 97 Intermediate 6. Excel 97 Advanced 7. Lotus Notes 4.6 The Staff Welfare department looks at whether the employees, are in environments that comply with Health and Safety laws. The day-to-day happenings, in the work area are also monitored. For example if discrimination of any kind happens they are reported to this department and then investigated further. Relevant action is then taken according to what was committed. The Equal Opportunities policy is also, along with the rest of the HR department fabricated from this department. This department is mainly there to help resolve problems that occur in the workplace and make improvements for staff when working. Possible improvements of the workplace, food and drink are also put forward in this area. The Equal Opportunities Policy is the councils way of saying that they have a complete policy for people of an ethnic background and discrimination will not be tolerated of any kind. Below is the Equal Opportunities Policy; along with the Training and Development Programme, the Policy is updated yearly. The last department in Personnel is Terms Conditions this department looks at various contracts, set by the council to each individual. If any concerns are expressed over certain contracts, this department has a look at possible changes that could be made, to accommodate needs. Other Terms and Conditions that are monitored include dismissal conditions, promotion conditions, contract of employment.

Operating Systems Essays -- Essays Papers

Operating Systems Operating Systems An operating system is the program that manages all the application programs in a computer system. This also includes managing the input and output devices, and assigning system resources. Operating systems evolved as the solution to the problems that were evident in early computer systems, and coincide with the changing computer systems. Three cycles are clear in the evolution of computers, the mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers, and each of these stages influenced the development of operating systems. Now, advances in software and hardware technologies have resulted in an increased demand for more sophisticated and powerful operating systems, with each new generation able to handle and perform more complex tasks. The folowing report examines the development of operating systems, and how the changing tehcnology shaped the evolution of operating systems. First Generation Computers (1945?1955) In the mid?1940's enormous machines capable of performing numerical calculations were created. The machine consisted of vacuum tubes and plugboards, and programming was done purely in machine code. Programming languages were unheard of during the early part of the period, and each machine was specifically assembled to carry out a particular calculation. These early computers had no need for an operating system and were operated directly from the operator's console by a computer programmer, who had immediate knowledge of the computers design. By the early 1950's punched cards were introduced, allowing programs to be written and read directly from the card, instead of using plugboards. Second Generation Computers (1955?1965) In the mid?1950's, the transistor was introduced, creating a more reliable computer. Computers were used primarily for scientific and engineering calculations and were programmed mainly in FORTRAN and assembly language. As computers became more reliable they also became more business orientated, although they were still very large and expensive. Because of the expenditure, the productiveness of the system had to be magnified as to ensure cost effectiveness. Job scheduling and the hiring of computer operators, ensured that the computer was used effectively and crucial time was not wasted. Loading the compliers was a time consuming process as each complier was k... ...or personal computers. Modern Operating Systems The past 9 years have seen many advances in computers and their operating systems. Processors continue to increase in speed, each requiring an operating system to handle the new developments. Microsoft Corporation has dominated the IBM compatible world, Windows being the standard operating system for majority of personal computers. Now as computing and information technology becomes more towards the Internet and virtual computing, so too must the operating systems. In 1992, Microsoft for Workgroups 3.1 was introduced, extending on from the previous versions. It allowed the sending of electronic mail, and provided advanced networking capabilities to be used as a client on an existing local area network. This was only the one stage in the vast evolution of the worlds most popular operating system, with the most recent being Windows NT and Windows 98, the latter being a fully Internet integrated operating system. Windows, however is not the only operating system in use today. Other's such as UNIX, Apple Operating System and OS/Warp have also had an impact, each new version more advanced, and more user friendly then the last. Operating Systems Essays -- Essays Papers Operating Systems Operating Systems An operating system is the program that manages all the application programs in a computer system. This also includes managing the input and output devices, and assigning system resources. Operating systems evolved as the solution to the problems that were evident in early computer systems, and coincide with the changing computer systems. Three cycles are clear in the evolution of computers, the mainframe computers, minicomputers and microcomputers, and each of these stages influenced the development of operating systems. Now, advances in software and hardware technologies have resulted in an increased demand for more sophisticated and powerful operating systems, with each new generation able to handle and perform more complex tasks. The folowing report examines the development of operating systems, and how the changing tehcnology shaped the evolution of operating systems. First Generation Computers (1945?1955) In the mid?1940's enormous machines capable of performing numerical calculations were created. The machine consisted of vacuum tubes and plugboards, and programming was done purely in machine code. Programming languages were unheard of during the early part of the period, and each machine was specifically assembled to carry out a particular calculation. These early computers had no need for an operating system and were operated directly from the operator's console by a computer programmer, who had immediate knowledge of the computers design. By the early 1950's punched cards were introduced, allowing programs to be written and read directly from the card, instead of using plugboards. Second Generation Computers (1955?1965) In the mid?1950's, the transistor was introduced, creating a more reliable computer. Computers were used primarily for scientific and engineering calculations and were programmed mainly in FORTRAN and assembly language. As computers became more reliable they also became more business orientated, although they were still very large and expensive. Because of the expenditure, the productiveness of the system had to be magnified as to ensure cost effectiveness. Job scheduling and the hiring of computer operators, ensured that the computer was used effectively and crucial time was not wasted. Loading the compliers was a time consuming process as each complier was k... ...or personal computers. Modern Operating Systems The past 9 years have seen many advances in computers and their operating systems. Processors continue to increase in speed, each requiring an operating system to handle the new developments. Microsoft Corporation has dominated the IBM compatible world, Windows being the standard operating system for majority of personal computers. Now as computing and information technology becomes more towards the Internet and virtual computing, so too must the operating systems. In 1992, Microsoft for Workgroups 3.1 was introduced, extending on from the previous versions. It allowed the sending of electronic mail, and provided advanced networking capabilities to be used as a client on an existing local area network. This was only the one stage in the vast evolution of the worlds most popular operating system, with the most recent being Windows NT and Windows 98, the latter being a fully Internet integrated operating system. Windows, however is not the only operating system in use today. Other's such as UNIX, Apple Operating System and OS/Warp have also had an impact, each new version more advanced, and more user friendly then the last.